Python教學

Python PyQt5 QRadioButton 單選框用法與範例

本篇 ShengYu 介紹 Python PyQt5 QRadioButton 單選框用法與範例，QRadioButton 可以作一些多選項擇一的選取功能，例如性別選取、葷素食選取等等。

以下的 Python PyQt5 QRadioButton 用法與範例將分為這幾部分，

  • PyQt5 QRadioButton 基本用法
  • PyQt5 QRadioButton 多組選取
  • PyQt5 設定 QRadioButton 預設的選項
  • PyQt5 QRadioButton 綁定事件

那我們開始吧！

PyQt5 QRadioButton 基本用法

這邊介紹 PyQt5 建立 QRadioButton 的基本用法，QRadioButton 基本上也是個按鈕，在建構 QRadioButton 時帶入顯示的文字，多個 QRadioButton 在同一個父類視窗下是互斥的，也就是在同一個父類視窗下的多個 QRadioButton 只能一個選取一個，如果選取另一個 QRadioButton 的話，先前選取的 QRadioButton 則會被取消，QRadioButton 搭配 QButtonGroup 使用的話則可以實做出多群組 QRadioButton 的互斥選取，稍後會介紹到。

以下示範將三個 QRadioButton 放入同一個父類裡，

python-pyqt-qradiobutton.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget, QVBoxLayout,
                             QRadioButton)

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('my window')
        self.setGeometry(50, 50, 200, 150)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.myradiobutton1 = QRadioButton('apple', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton1)
        self.myradiobutton2 = QRadioButton('banana', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton2)
        self.myradiobutton3 = QRadioButton('orange', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton3)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

結果圖如下，所以實際操作時可以發現同一群裡的 QRadioButton 單選框是互斥的，只能選擇其中一個 QRadioButton，

那如果想要產生 QRadioButton 多組選取呢？在下節範例馬上為你介紹。

PyQt5 QRadioButton 多組選取

PyQt5 如果想要產生 QRadioButton 多組選取要怎麼實作呢？

這時候可以使用 QButtonGroup，這邊示範兩群組 QRadioButton 選取，將二個群組的 QRadioButton 各放入二個 QButtonGroup，這邊我們建立二個 QButtonGroup，把 myradiobutton1 ~ myradiobutton3 放入第一個 QButtonGroup，把 myradiobutton4 ~ myradiobutton6 放入第二個 QButtonGroup，同時也把 layout 改成 QGridLayout，左邊為第一群，右邊為第二群，方便示範說明，

python-pyqt-qradiobutton2.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget, QGridLayout,
                             QRadioButton, QButtonGroup)

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('my window')
        self.setGeometry(50, 50, 200, 150)

        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.myradiobutton1 = QRadioButton('apple', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton1, 0, 0)
        self.myradiobutton2 = QRadioButton('banana', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton2, 1, 0)
        self.myradiobutton3 = QRadioButton('orange', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton3, 2, 0)
        self.myradiobutton4 = QRadioButton('lemon', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton4, 0, 1)
        self.myradiobutton5 = QRadioButton('strawberry', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton5, 1, 1)
        self.myradiobutton6 = QRadioButton('tomato', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton6, 2, 1)

        self.buttongroup = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup.addButton(self.myradiobutton1, 1)
        self.buttongroup.addButton(self.myradiobutton2, 2)
        self.buttongroup.addButton(self.myradiobutton3, 3)

        self.buttongroup2 = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton4, 4)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton5, 5)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton6, 6)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

結果圖如下，

PyQt5 設定 QRadioButton 預設的選項

這邊介紹 PyQt5 設定 QCheckBox 預設的選項，建立 QCheckBox 後預設是不勾選的狀態，有兩種方式可以改變這個狀態，
一個是使用 QCheckBox.toggle()，toggle 就是原本勾選的會變成不勾選，在使用一次 toggle 的話原本不勾選的會變成勾選，
另一個方式是透過 QCheckBox.setChecked() 來設定 CheckBox 是否要勾選，True 為 勾選，False 為不勾選，

python-pyqt-qradiobutton3.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget, QGridLayout,
                             QRadioButton, QButtonGroup)

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('my window')
        self.setGeometry(50, 50, 200, 150)

        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.myradiobutton1 = QRadioButton('apple', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton1, 0, 0)
        self.myradiobutton2 = QRadioButton('banana', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton2, 1, 0)
        self.myradiobutton3 = QRadioButton('orange', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton3, 2, 0)
        self.myradiobutton4 = QRadioButton('lemon', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton4, 0, 1)
        self.myradiobutton5 = QRadioButton('strawberry', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton5, 1, 1)
        self.myradiobutton6 = QRadioButton('tomato', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton6, 2, 1)

        self.buttongroup = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup.addButton(self.myradiobutton1, 1)
        self.buttongroup.addButton(self.myradiobutton2, 2)
        self.buttongroup.addButton(self.myradiobutton3, 3)

        self.buttongroup2 = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton4, 4)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton5, 5)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton6, 6)

        self.myradiobutton1.toggle()
        self.myradiobutton4.setChecked(True)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

結果圖如下，

PyQt5 QRadioButton 綁定事件

這邊介紹 PyQt5 QRadioButton 如何綁定事件，透過先前的範例我們將 QRadioButton 加入 QButtonGroup 後，所以這邊我們是要將 QButtonGroup 的 buttonClicked 事件連接到我們要處理的函式，第一群連結至 onButtonGroup1Click()，第二群連結至 onButtonGroup2Click()，範例如下，

python-pyqt-qradiobutton4.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget, QGridLayout,
                             QRadioButton, QButtonGroup, QPushButton)

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('my window')
        self.setGeometry(50, 50, 200, 150)

        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.myradiobutton1 = QRadioButton('apple', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton1, 0, 0)
        self.myradiobutton2 = QRadioButton('banana', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton2, 1, 0)
        self.myradiobutton3 = QRadioButton('orange', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton3, 2, 0)
        self.myradiobutton4 = QRadioButton('lemon', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton4, 0, 1)
        self.myradiobutton5 = QRadioButton('strawberry', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton5, 1, 1)
        self.myradiobutton6 = QRadioButton('tomato', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton6, 2, 1)

        self.mybutton = QPushButton('button', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.mybutton, 3, 1)

        self.buttongroup1 = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup1.addButton(self.myradiobutton1, 1)
        self.buttongroup1.addButton(self.myradiobutton2, 2)
        self.buttongroup1.addButton(self.myradiobutton3, 3)

        self.buttongroup2 = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton4, 4)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton5, 5)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton6, 6)

        self.buttongroup1.buttonClicked.connect(self.onButtonGroup1Click)
        self.buttongroup2.buttonClicked.connect(self.onButtonGroup2Click)
        self.mybutton.clicked.connect(self.onButtonClick)

        self.myradiobutton1.setChecked(True)
        self.myradiobutton4.setChecked(True)
        self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton1.text()
        self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton4.text()

    def onButtonGroup1Click(self):
        if self.buttongroup1.checkedId() == 1:
            print('1 checked')
            self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton1.text()
        elif self.buttongroup1.checkedId() == 2:
            print('2 checked')
            self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton2.text()
        elif self.buttongroup1.checkedId() == 3:
            print('3 checked')
            self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton3.text()
        else:
            print('? checked')

    def onButtonGroup2Click(self):
        if self.buttongroup2.checkedId() == 4:
            print('4 checked')
            self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton4.text()
        elif self.buttongroup2.checkedId() == 5:
            print('5 checked')
            self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton5.text()
        elif self.buttongroup2.checkedId() == 6:
            print('6 checked')
            self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton6.text()
        else:
            print('? checked')

    def onButtonClick(self):
        print(self.fruit1 + ' + ' + self.fruit2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

結果圖如下，

1
2
3
2 checked
6 checked
banana + tomato

也可以將兩個 QButtonGroup 的 buttonClicked 事件都連結到 onButtonGroupClick() 同一個函式處理，在 onButtonGroupClick() 裡使用 self.sender() 來判斷是哪一個 QButtonGroup，

python-pyqt-qradiobutton5.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (QApplication, QWidget, QGridLayout,
                             QRadioButton, QButtonGroup, QPushButton)

class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setWindowTitle('my window')
        self.setGeometry(50, 50, 200, 150)

        layout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(layout)

        self.myradiobutton1 = QRadioButton('apple', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton1, 0, 0)
        self.myradiobutton2 = QRadioButton('banana', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton2, 1, 0)
        self.myradiobutton3 = QRadioButton('orange', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton3, 2, 0)
        self.myradiobutton4 = QRadioButton('lemon', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton4, 0, 1)
        self.myradiobutton5 = QRadioButton('strawberry', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton5, 1, 1)
        self.myradiobutton6 = QRadioButton('tomato', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.myradiobutton6, 2, 1)

        self.mybutton = QPushButton('button', self)
        layout.addWidget(self.mybutton, 3, 1)

        self.buttongroup1 = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup1.addButton(self.myradiobutton1, 1)
        self.buttongroup1.addButton(self.myradiobutton2, 2)
        self.buttongroup1.addButton(self.myradiobutton3, 3)

        self.buttongroup2 = QButtonGroup(self)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton4, 4)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton5, 5)
        self.buttongroup2.addButton(self.myradiobutton6, 6)

        self.buttongroup1.buttonClicked.connect(self.onButtonGroupClick)
        self.buttongroup2.buttonClicked.connect(self.onButtonGroupClick)
        self.mybutton.clicked.connect(self.onButtonClick)

        self.myradiobutton1.setChecked(True)
        self.myradiobutton4.setChecked(True)
        self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton1.text()
        self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton4.text()

    def onButtonGroupClick(self):
        sender = self.sender()
        if sender == self.buttongroup1:
            if self.buttongroup1.checkedId() == 1:
                print('1 checked')
                self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton1.text()
            elif self.buttongroup1.checkedId() == 2:
                print('2 checked')
                self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton2.text()
            elif self.buttongroup1.checkedId() == 3:
                print('3 checked')
                self.fruit1 = self.myradiobutton3.text()
            else:
                print('? checked')
        else:
            if self.buttongroup2.checkedId() == 4:
                print('4 checked')
                self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton4.text()
            elif self.buttongroup2.checkedId() == 5:
                print('5 checked')
                self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton5.text()
            elif self.buttongroup2.checkedId() == 6:
                print('6 checked')
                self.fruit2 = self.myradiobutton6.text()
            else:
                print('? checked')

    def onButtonClick(self):
        print(self.fruit1 + ' + ' + self.fruit2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = MyWidget()
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

以上就是 Python PyQt5 QRadioButton 單選框用法與範例介紹，
如果你覺得我的文章寫得不錯、對你有幫助的話記得 Facebook 按讚支持一下！
下一篇將會介紹 PyQt5 QCheckBox 複選框用法與範例

其它相關文章推薦
Python 新手入門教學懶人包
Python PyQt5 新手入門教學